Which set constitutes the PLA's Three Warfares?

• A. Public Opinion Warfare, Psychological Warfare, Legal Warfare
• B. Deception
• C. Informationized Battlefield
• D. Three Warfares

Answer: (A)

The main idea being tested is that the PLA organizes its influence operations into three interlinked approaches: shaping perception, influencing behavior, and legitimizing actions through law. Public Opinion Warfare focuses on influencing what people think about a country, a conflict, or a leader—through media narratives, messaging, and strategic communications to create favorable views or delegitimize opponents. Psychological Warfare goes deeper into the minds of adversaries and audiences, aiming to affect morale, resolve, and decision-making by sowing doubt, fear, or confidence, often using propaganda, rumors, or targeted messaging. Legal Warfare uses laws, norms, and legal arguments as a tool to constrain opponents, justify PLA actions, or frame disputes in a way that gains legitimacy or limits the adversary’s options.

Together, these three form a coherent set because they address information and legitimacy from three angles: what others think (Public Opinion), how others feel and decide (Psychological), and how actions are framed and constrained by rules (Legal). Deception is a common tactic in many operations but is not one of the three warfares themselves. The term Informationized Battlefield describes the broader environment of modern warfare, not the specific trio. Saying “Three Warfares” would restate the concept without naming its three components.