Which of the following is NOT a component of the Three Warfares?

• A. Psychological warfare
• B. Media warfare
• C. Legal warfare
• D. Economic warfare

Answer: (D)

The Three Warfares are about shaping perceptions and legitimacy through three information-focused tools. Psychological warfare targets the beliefs, attitudes, and will of the opponent or its people to dampen resolve or influence decisions. Media warfare uses messaging and framing across information channels—news, social media, broadcasts—to steer public opinion and create favorable narratives. Legal warfare leverages laws, norms, and legal arguments to constrain actions, justify moves, and mold international or domestic reaction in a way that supports strategic goals. Economic warfare, while a powerful lever in broader strategy, is not part of this triad. It sits in the economic domain rather than as one of the information-centric methods described by the Three Warfares.