Which component is included in Air Defense as described under Firepower in Defense?

• A. Fighter jets
• B. Tank divisions
• C. MANPADS, SPAAG, missiles
• D. Submarines

Answer: (C)

Air Defense within the defense firepower category is about defeating airborne threats before they reach important targets. The assets that fit this role are MANPADS, SPAAG, and missiles. MANPADS provide short-range, portable protection against incoming aircraft; SPAAGs are mobile anti-aircraft guns that can defend areas quickly and flexibly; missiles (surface-to-air) extend reach and can engage threats at longer ranges and higher altitudes. Together, these elements create a layered defense that disrupts or stops enemy air operations.

Fighter jets belong to offensive or air superiority operations, focused on gaining control of the air or striking targets, rather than primarily defending against aerial threats in this firepower framework. Tank divisions are ground maneuver units, not air defense assets. Submarines are naval assets, oriented toward sea duties.