What is military-civil fusion?

• A. Policy to merge civilian and military resources and capabilities.
• B. A doctrine to separate civilian and military resources.
• C. An economic policy for civilian industry isolation.
• D. A strategy to rely solely on military resources.

Answer: (A)

Military-civil fusion is the policy and practice of bringing civilian resources, industries, and capabilities into alignment with military needs, creating a seamless flow of ideas, technologies, and production between civilian and defense sectors. The idea is to develop dual-use technologies and facilities so innovations born in civilian research can quickly bolster national defense, while military requirements guide and accelerate civilian R&D, manufacturing, and supply chains. This approach aims to break down traditional barriers between civilian and military domains, improving efficiency, resilience, and readiness by leveraging broad innovation ecosystems, talent, and infrastructure. It’s not about separating resources, isolating civilian industry, or relying exclusively on military means.